TOPIC 3: Information System

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Information system is a combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning control, coordination and decision making in an organization.

• In this session I have understood a lot about what is the Information system. And here are function of information system do.
• To help users to become information competent, that means find it easy to organize their information, search for information, analyse their information and using old information to create new information

There are many Types of Information System ( IS) 

Information System also Sub department focuses on systems to (re)design and support operational business processes in this tension field between business requirements pull and technology push.

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM( IS)

3 TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM

 

Why do we need to use a Methodology? We learned that it makes the analysis and design process more accessible to non-experts. Also, to introduce structure into design and make it more manageable. After this short brief, we had an activity which we had to search and reflect on the various methodology definitions.

Later on, we learned about the types of ISD methodologies: Structured approach (SDLC): is the oldest and most known methodology used to coordinate the efforts of information systems development is known as the "Waterfall". It covers many activities starts from understanding why the system should be built, studying the project feasibility, analyzing problems, choosing the system design and architecture, implementing and testing it, up to delivering the system as product to the user.

Jackson System Development (JSD): method of system development that covers the software life cycle either directly or, by providing a framework into which more specialized techniques can fit. Information engineering (IE): is an approach to designing and developing information systems.

Prototyping: An easily modified and extensible model (representation, simulation or demonstration) of a planned software system, likely including its interface and input/output functionality.

Gane and Sarsons (STRADIS): The methodology remains today as one of the most popular techniques for structured analysis and design of systems. I have improved my skills in ISD methodologies by this week clearly. I had some doubts and I asked my lecturer and I cleared. It was really nice. I now be able to define in general terms what is a methodology, I understood the role of methodologies in information systems, I can describe the main features of methodologies as well as i understood the basic concept and function of methodologies which are extensively used by developer to complete various tasks.

TOPIC 2: ICT & IT

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

I have learnt about Information Technology. It is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to create, store,exchange and use information in its various forms.

•   And Information Technology architecture is map or plan of the information assets in an organization. Integrates entire organization's business needs for information. 

•  
• Infrastructure and application is talking about Information technology infrastructure. Including, facilities, IT components, IT services and IT personnel that support an entire organization.

 As we can see in this

picture.

Information technology infrastructure:

is the integrated framework upon which digital networks operate. This infrastructure includes data centers, computers, computer networks, Database Management devices, and a regulatory system.

we use infrastructure refers to interconnecting hardware and software and not to computers and other devices that are interconnected. However, to some information technology users, infrastructure is viewed as everything that supports the flow and processing of information.

Infrastructure companies play a significant part in evolving the Internet, both in terms of where the interrconnections are placed and made accessible and in terms of how much information can be carried how quickly.

In addition, ICT has changed society today. For example, Science, Healthcare, education, banking, business and government.

TOPIC 1: Data, Information and Information Management

Asalamualaikum everyboday and my good lecturer.

Explain the different between Data and Information

Data is raw ,in organized facts that need to be processed. Date can be something simple and seemingly random and useless until it is organized.

For example: Statistics, numbers, characters, images, videos and so on that that get from internet, camera, pendrive, memory cards and so on..

Information is interpreted data. When data is processed, organized, structure or presented in a given context so as to make it useful and have meaningful.

For example, my lecturer name is Miss Nisha. This sentence is have meaningful that make you all can understand, it calls information.

On week 2 we learnt more about information management. Our lecturer explain what is information management and so on.

Next we continue our lesson base on common information management problems. It has some problem such as:

• Large number pf disparate information management systems.
• Little integration or coordination between information systems
• Range of legacy system requiring upgrading or replacement.
• etc

After finish this topic we continue with introduction about computer.

What is the Computer?

 Computer is a programmable machine. This means it can execute a programmed list of instructions and respond to new instructions that it is given.

We can use computer to do our works. Such as, we can use it for typing, edit or design picture or photos, counting and all of things more that we can use it to.

Basic operation that a Compute can perform

- Input

- Processing

- Output

- Storage and another one is communication 

              

The first one, you input the data into the computer. Then, the computer will be processed those Data. when all the data have already processed and have meaningful it will become to information.

example: you input your photos which have in your memory card into computer. then, that photo will be processed by using any program that have in the computer, such as, photo shops and so on. finally, when you output by print out your that photo, it calls information.

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER

My slide

There fifth evolution of computer

The first

Evolution of Computer

1. First Generation( 1949-1950): Vaccum tube

- at that time there were electronic computer: ENIAC(1945) 

- electronic Numerical integrator and computers. and maybe around 18000 vaccum tubes were used to build ENIAC and it was programmed by manually setting swiches.

• that electronic computer were used by US army to calculate and designed hydrogen Bomb. 

2. Second generation (1950 to 1964) Transistors.

- william shockley, john Bardeen and walter brattain who invent the Transistor. and vaccum tubes have been replaced by transistors at that time.

• the most computer was IBM 1401. and it used in high level languages( Cobol: for all common business- oriented language and for translate.

3. The third generation ( 1946-1974) Intergrated circuits (IC)

 many years later, the technology more developed and user started use OS, keyboard and 

monitor.

4. Fourth generation( 1974 to present) VLST/ ULST.

fourth generation was the time that computers are the modern computers.

 It took only 55 years for the 4 generations to evolve. The growth of the computer industry developed technologies of computer inventions. There are many types of computer models such as: Apple Macintosh Dell IBM Ace. Then in 1971, Intel created the first microprocessor. 

1976, Steve Jobs built the first Apple computer. Then, in 1981, IBM introduces its first personal computer. During the fourth generations hardware technology such as silicone chips, microprocessor and storage devices were invented. A microprocessor specialized chip which is developed for computer memory and logic. The microprocessor is a large scale integrated circuit which contained thousands of transistor The transistor on this chip are capable of performing all of the function of a computer’s central processing unit.

 Fifth generation( Now and the future)

• Based on artificail intelligence-computers can think, reason and learn.
• Primary means of input-voice and touch

CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS

 
•  there are six categories based on size , capability and price

1.  Embedded computers
2.  Mobile devices/computers
3. personal computers
4. Midrange servers
5. Mainframes
6. supercomputers

•  Advantages Computers became 100 times smaller than ENIAC Gain in speed, reliability and storage capacity Personal and software industry boomed

Integrated circuits( Microchip)

- VLSI= very large-scale integration

- ULSI= ultra large scale integration

ensured that Millions of components could be fit into a small chip.

last Monday my lecturer have given some exercises for each group and she asked us to set in group for discuss and answer all the question that i have been given. And what that I can understand about

 IMS, DIS..

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

•  Information management(IM) is general terms that refers to managing any kind of information.
• It is the collection and management of information from one or more source and the distribution of that information to one or more audiences

• Here are six terms of technology information management encompasses systems. Such as,

1. Web content management(CM)
2. Document management (DM)
3. Records management(RM)
4. Digital asset management(DAM)
5. Learning management systems(LM)
6. Learning content management systems(LCM)