Let's Read about ME :)

NAME: NURFATIN AFIFAH BT OMAR
AGE: 20 YEARS OLD
STUDY: FOUNDATION AT ALBUKHARY INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, ALOR SETAR
HOBBIES: READ NOVEL
EMAIL: atienfiefa@gmail.com 
FAVOURITE FOOD: NASI GORENG KAMPUNG

SO,LETS CONTINUE READING MY INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECNOLOGY BLOG...

I PROVIDE EVERY NOTE THAT I GOT IN LECTURE :)

TOPIC 6: Web Application

  WEB APPLICATION

WWW is an application that uses those transport functions. The web handles all types of digital information including text, hypermedia, graphics and sound. Later on we learned about Web-based Computing. The web current computing models include server side computing (CGI) and client side computing (Applets) and were initially designed for processing fill-out forms. Then we learned how internet infrastructure works. For example, instant messaging. When log in to IM server, the server determines in any of user established friends, family, coworkers called buddies are online. When the sender send instant voice or video communications to online buddies, the message travels through a messaging server and then to the online buddy's computer.



 Web Applications


A web application is an application that is accessed by users over a network such as the Internet or an Intranet.The term may also mean a computer software application that is coded in a browser-supported programming language(such as JavaScript, combined with a browser-rendered markup language-like HTML and reliant on a common web browser to render the application executable
Web applications are popular due to the Ubiquity of web browsers, and the convenience of using a web browser as a client, sometimes called a thin client. The ability to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of client computers is a key reason for their popularity, as is the inherent support for cross-platform compatibility. Common web applications include web mail, online retail sales, online auction, wikis and many other functions.

 

Application: Web

·   -Web page

-Web document

- HIML (Hyper Text Markup language)

 

There are 2 types of Web:

• 1.      Static web : it is a read only web. Allow people to search for information and read it. Example: web 1.0 

•     Dynamic web page: It is a web interactions between people, software. For example: web 2.0 and 3.0

v  Generation of the web

The first one is generation: Web 1.0

It is the information is displayed on web page as static content and it closed to external editing that do not allow visitors to contribute. Moreover, it is hyper-linking of the web-pages and bookmarking were two of the most important aspect of web 1.0.

For example: information website, education web, company website.

The second one is generation: Web 2.0

·         It is a popular term for advances internet technology and applications. It is provides ability of external editing. For example, web users may extend, undo and redo each other work. Such as, in blogs, posts and the comments of individuals are displayed, shared and managed.

The third one is generation: Web 3.0

·         It is about semantic web, and that web is based on intelligent web applications using: For example, decision support system, expert system portal.

-Now I am moving to another sub-topic, it is about Web apps: Web 2.0

-Categories of web 2.0 sites

 -Online social networking to Mash-ups and Aggregotors.

·         Online social networking :

-Example of social sites, MySpace, Twitter,Friend finder, Facebook, Classmates, Flickr and so on.

·         Aggregate: it means collect things together. And it is a web site that takes different content from a number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content. Including, data aggregator, video aggregator, social network aggregator, search aggregator and news aggregator.

     

•  C ategories of Web 2.0 sites:

-          Aggregators and mash-up

And for anther part, I am going to reflect about Web 2.0 Information technologies and Application.

The first of all, it is about Information technologies and application: It is a xml and Ajax as an example of programming language used in web application.

And in that programming language, it can a set of words, abbreviation and symbols that enables a programmer to communicate the instruction to a computer. Beside that, it is also used to communicate with a computer.

v  Here are two types of PL

1.      Low-level language: it is a machine dependent language. And it is divide to small types. They are machine language( 1^st generation pl) and assembly language(2^nd generation pl).

2.      High-level language: it is more user friendly.

v  There are three generations of HLL:

3^rd generation of HLL, 4^th generation PL and 5^th generation PL.

      

Now, I will move to another new sub-part is still in Information Technologies and Applications:

      And it divide to three types:

1)      Togging

2)      Blogs

3)      Wiki.

• 
  
• Blogs

• Wiki

And for the last sub-part in this lesson, I am going to reflect about Web Based Collaboration tools( Web based Application):

Google Apps Technology

Before I move to my topic, I would like to describe what the meaning of Google apps?

It is a application and infrastructure and a series of application from Google.

We can use and save many thing by using Google Apps Technology. Such as, Messaging, Calendaring, Document, Video, site,talk and Maps.

 

TOPIC 5 : Internet & www ( World Wide Web)

 

 

 

 

In this topic I have learnt about Internet and world wide web. It was a very nice topic. It was because make me more understand about internet and what is the advantages of internet. Now, I would like to review about what is the definition of internet.

  Definition of Internet:

 

   The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard internet protocol suite(TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked  hypertext  documents of the world wide web(WWW) and the infrastructure to support email.

  

 

 

  We using Internet for:

• Find general information/ Access information
  • Send( upload) or receive( down load) files between computers.
    • Share resources
      • To correspond/meet with people
        • Shop for product and services.
           
           

  

 

 

  And now i am going to describe about some history about internet. before become to internet in 1969 it was name ARPANET. until 1980 just become to be Internet.

 there are many service on the Internet. Such as, 

• Communication( electronic mail) 
  • World wide web
    • Protocol
      • Chat Room
        • Instant Messaging and IR.
           

1) Internet Service: in this part i am going to review about Email

Email: allowed messages to be exchanged from computer to another computers and it is also use to create, send, receive forward, store, print and delete email.

there are many programs that we can use for email: including,

• Yahoo, Gmail, MSN and hot mail.
  
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Beside that, Internet also has The web service.

 

2) The Web

  Web was created by Tim Berners lee. It is a network of fine threads constructed by a spider from fluid secreted by its spinnerets, used to catch its prey. Moreover, web is a collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Website.

  Actually Internet is not the same with Internet. Even it is similar meaning, but it's describe difference between internet and World Wide Web.

- Internet is the largest network in the world that connects people/organization all over the world. and it was exist in 1960 that was created by Vint Cerf. It is a big collection of computer. When we are using the Internet. You may not be using the world wide web.

For example: Skype via a phone, when you are using the internet. You can not using the world wide web in the same time on a computer.

 About World wide web:

It is a service of the internet. It was exist in 1990 and created by Tim Berners Lee. Moreover, it is a big collection of HTML pages on the Internet. When we are using the world wide web you are always using the internet.

In facts, if you want search information, you have to use internet and web.    

This weeks topic was about the "Internet and WWW". We learned about the differences between the internet and the World Wide Web. Internet functions are transport mechanism. Global WAN that connects approximately 1 million organizational computer nets in more than 200 countries. Internet enables people to access data in other organization and to communicate, collaborate and exchange information around the world, quickly and inexpensively.

WWW is an application that uses those transport functions. The web handles all types of digital information including text, hypermedia, graphics and sound. Later on we learned about Web-based Computing. The web current computing models include server side computing (CGI) and client side computing (Applets) and were initially designed for processing fill-out forms. Then we learned how internet infrastructure works. For example, instant messaging. When log in to IM server, the server determines in any of user established friends, family, co-workers called buddies are online. When the sender send instant voice or video communications to online buddies, the message travels through a messaging server and then to the online buddy's computer.

TOPIC 4: Database Management System

A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images.

In  computing, databases are sometimes classified according to their organizational approach. The most prevalent approach is the relational database, a tabular database in which data is defined so that it can be reorganized and accessed in a number of different ways. A distributed database is one that can be dispersed or replicated among different points in a network. An object-oriented programming database is one that is congruent with the data defined in object classes and sub classes.

In this week we learned about database also we did the case study for ISD methodology presentation as a group activity. It was easy for me because last I had a good understanding in this topic as well as I did so many readings as well. I had to explain about Factory in Cambodia  and what are the information systems they are using and which method we prefer as a methodology to implement the system. I should say that it was a good activity because when you are searching for material in Internet you are given a plenty of information and you need to go through and choose the one that explains best. So, in this way you start to understand your topic even if it is quite difficult. It was really useful for me to get better understandings.

We learned that database is the container or a collection of data. And it has four components: data, relationships, constraint, and schema….Database management system: it’s software that create database. For example, Microsoft access and then we learned that DBMS performs five primary functions: define, create and organize a database, input data, process data, maintain data integrity and security (it allows limited access of the database), and query database.

Later on, we moved to the Database system and this is different than data management system, and it is a computer based record keeping system.

We were exposed to the advantages of database system, it improves security, improves data integrity, controls redundancy and efficiency in accessing data.

There are four types of database model: Hierarchical database (organizes data in a tree structure “one to many”), network database (many to many relationship), Relational database (basically a table with rows: representing Field and columns: representing Record), and Object-relational database (quite similar to relational database but this is one is highly object oriented language)

Database Components

• It is Field in data processing and it is a piece of information.

•  Schema: it describes the organization of data and relationships within the database. The schema consists of definitions of various types of record in the database, the data-item they contain and the sets into which they are grouped.( known as ERD)

After that. we move to another part. It is about Fundamentals of Database.

Now, i am going to describe what is the meaing of Fundamentals of database?

Fundamentals of Database:

• There are Six terms of fundamentals of database

1/ Field:  It is a specific piece or category of data. Such as, a first name, last name, city, state, subject or birthdate. It is in the column of the table.

2/ Record: a group of related fields that describes a person, place, thing or transaction. Such as, customer, student, location, product or sale. ( Row of table)

3/ Key field: a field that contain unique information for each record. Such as, student ID for a student.

4/ Table: a collection of records for a single subject. Such as, student, products or Sales.

5/ Relational database: Multiple table that are linked together to address a business process. Such as, managing timetable, couses and students.

6/ Objects: the part of an Access database that help you view,edit, manage and analyze the data: tables, queries, form, report, macros and modules.

Database Management System(DMS)

It is a software package for manipulating database or database program.

Example of Database Management System(DBMS)

MySQl, Microsoft Access, postgreSQL, SQLserver, Filemaker, Oracle, dBase, Foxpro,Clipper and so on.

 

 Features of DBMS

• Here are three Features of DBMS:

1.  Allow users to create new database

1. Give users the ability to query and modify the data using appropriate language( query language or data manipulation.

1. It provides information to the decision makers that they need to make important decision. this information is provided by querying the database using SQL.

 TYPES OF DATABASE LANGUAGE

• DDL( data definition language)

• DML(data manupulation language)

• DCL( data control language)

 Data manipulation language

DCL( Data control language)

 DBMS USERS

• End Users

• Application programmers

• Database Administrator

NEXT SESSION IS STUDY ABOUT DATA MODEL

But before we go to our sup topic, we have to know and understand what the definition of Database Models.

Definition:

•  Database model is the structure of format of a database, described in a formal language supported by the database.  

 Data model:

1. Structure

1. Characteristic

1. Description

1. Organization

These are the basic for building block of data model:

        

        - Entity

        - Attributes

        - Relationship

The first one is about Entity:

  - represent a particular object in the real world( a person, a place, or an event)

  - Entities can be thought for as nouns.

  - represented in tables

 for example: student information system

Entity= student, subject, course, time table, result.

Student: 

• Student ID, student name, address and so on. 

• Subject: code, name, hours.

 B) Attribute

       

          - Characteristic of an entity

          - attributes that help to identify the entity.

          - Respresent by colum in table.

For example: student information system:

    Student: ID, Name, Address

 

C) Relationship 

        -  Describes an relationship among entities

        - These relationship can be shown in the form of diagram

        -  entity relationship diagram(ERD)

        -  Data model use three types of relationships

        -  3 forms of ERD

•  One to one. eg: student ID for a student, passport..

•   

• 
  

• one to many. eg: Mother and children.. that mean, one mother can have alot of children. but children can not have alot of mother.

• Many to many: eg: luctuerer and students. lucturers can have many students and students also can have many lucturerers.

 

TYPES OF DATABASE MODELS

         

          Here are 4 types of Database Models

1.  Hierarchical database

1. Network database

1. Relational database

1. Object-relational database

1) Hierarchical Model

• Hierarchical Model was developed in 1960s by IBM company(IMS)

• The hierarchical data model organizes data in a tree structure.

• structure contain levels or segment( like organizational chart)

• May establish one to many relationship.

Network database:

           Definition: The network model is a database model conceived as a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships. Its distinguishing.

• Improvement from hierarchical model. Data are represented by records suring links among them

• it can relate to many records

• the network model structure allows for many to many relationship.

Relational Database:

 We use data Model for:

•  organization's primary goals and requirements

• The volume of transaction/information organization.